How to deal with waste batteries

Release time:

2011-05-16 00:00

According to environmental experts, in order to strengthen the recycling management of waste batteries, Germany has implemented new regulations on the recycling management of waste batteries. The regulations require consumers to send used dry batteries, button batteries and other types of batteries to stores or waste recycling stations for recycling. Stores and waste recycling stations must unconditionally accept waste batteries and transfer them to disposal manufacturers for recycling. At the same time, they also implement a deposit system for toxic nickel-cadmium batteries and mercury-containing batteries, that is, each battery purchased by consumers contains a certain deposit. When consumers exchange used batteries, the deposit can be automatically deducted from the price.

In the treatment of waste batteries, Switzerland has two factories specializing in the processing and utilization of old batteries. One of the factories adopts the method of grinding the old batteries and then sending them to the furnace for heating. At this time, the volatilized mercury can be extracted. When the temperature is higher, zinc also evaporates, and manganese and iron are fused to become manganese ferroalloy required for steelmaking. The plant can process 2000 tons of waste batteries a year and can obtain 780 tons of ferromanganese, 400 tons of zinc and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from batteries and sells metal mixtures such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap.

A "wet treatment" device has been built in the suburb of Magdeburg in Germany. Except for lead-acid batteries, all kinds of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then various metal materials are extracted from the solution with the help of ionic resin. The raw materials obtained by this method are purer than the heat treatment method, so the price is higher in the market. Moreover, 95% of all kinds of substances contained in the batteries can be extracted, and sorting links can be omitted. The annual processing capacity of this device can reach 7500 tons.

Built in the mountains of Hokkaido, Japan, Nomura Hokkaido Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the treatment of waste batteries and waste fluorescent lamps. They purchase 13000 tons of waste batteries from all over the country every year. 93% of the collection methods are collected through non-governmental environmental protection organizations and 7% are collected through various manufacturers. This business was launched in 1985, and the amount of purification has been increasing. In the past, the mercury was mainly recycled, but at present, Japan's domestic batteries no longer contain mercury. The iron shell and other metal raw materials of the batteries are mainly recycled, and the development and manufacture of secondary products are carried out. For example, one of the products can be used for TV picture tubes.

In addition, some countries have also developed a number of relevant policies. For example, in the United States and Japan, waste batteries are recycled and handed over to enterprises for processing, and the government will give certain subsidies for each ton of processing. South Korea battery manufacturers have to pay a certain amount of deposit for each ton of production, which will be used for the expenses of recyclers and processors, and special factories will be designated for processing. Other countries impose environmental governance taxes on battery manufacturers or tax reductions and exemptions for used battery processing enterprises.

At present, the recycling and treatment process of waste batteries in our country is not very mature. Because the battery contains many kinds of elements and the amount is small, the cost of processing is very high. Therefore, it is impossible to establish processing stations in various places. At present, what we can do is to concentrate the used batteries as much as possible (you can give them to the local environmental protection department) to avoid spreading them everywhere and polluting the environment. At present, many waste battery recycling bins are also installed in various public places in Shenzhen, and the recycled batteries are sent to Taili Waste Battery Recycling Company for processing. Taili told the general public that if you have collected a large number of waste batteries, do not dispose of them at will, and do not leave them at home or in public places for a long time. If you want Taili's department to dispose of waste batteries, please call us at 400-888-6821.

Other countries:

Japan:

Nomura Xingzong Co., Ltd. in the mountainous area of Hokkaido is mainly engaged in the treatment of waste batteries and waste fluorescent lamps, with 110 employees. It was built here because it was the first mercury mine found in Japan. Nomura Xingchan purchases 13000 tons of waste electricity from the whole country every year, accounting for 20% of the waste batteries in the whole country. The collection method is 93% through non-governmental environmental protection organizations and 7% through various manufacturers. This business started in 1985, and at present, the purification volume has been increasing. In the past, the mercury in it was mainly recovered, and the mercury waste gas was removed and collected by incineration in a high-temperature (600~700 ℃) incinerator. However, at present, Japan's domestic batteries no longer contain mercury. The iron shell of the battery and the "black" raw materials therein are mainly recovered, and secondary products are developed and manufactured. For example, one of the products can be used in a picture tube of a TV set. The cost of treatment is up to 80 yen/kg, and the profit of production mainly depends on the fees charged before the treatment of used batteries (mainly the production plant) and the value of the secondary use of the product, of which the latter is the key. Recycling batteries takes up a lot of space. Nomura Xingchan is a private enterprise. The Japanese government has not invested a penny in it, but the Japan Battery Industry Association has provided great help and coordinated with major Japanese manufacturers for some financial compensation. The annual processing capacity can reach 16000 tons. In addition, the extraction of mercury from waste fluorescent lamps can reach 40 tons a year, and the annual demand of Japan is only 20 tons. In this regard, it can be recycled and its profit is ensured.

Other batteries, such as lead-acid batteries, can be recycled by 100 in Japan. Secondary batteries and mobile phone batteries are also being actively carried out through the cooperation of manufacturers, especially the recovery of cobalt in lithium-ion batteries. Through investigation and combined with the actual situation of our country, I think the first thing is to resolutely implement the regulations of the nine ministries and commissions on limiting the mercury content in batteries, realize the mercury-free batteries in our country as soon as possible, and minimize the impact of the harmful component mercury in primary batteries on the environment through industry law enforcement and manufacturers' efforts. Secondly, we should improve citizens' environmental awareness through various publicity methods, and carry out battery recycling and burying, establish a recycling system for used batteries. There is also the state to encourage the research of recycling technology to achieve the reuse of resources as soon as possible. As for the issue of profits, it can be done in a variety of ways, such as sharing them with consumers, developing marketable products, and so on.

Germany:

In order to strengthen the management of waste batteries, Germany has implemented new regulations on the management of waste battery recycling. The regulations require consumers to send used dry batteries, button batteries and other types of batteries to stores or waste recycling stations for recycling. Stores and waste recycling stations must unconditionally accept used batteries and transfer them to manufacturers for recycling.

It is estimated that 32 billion used batteries are discarded every year in the world. Germany alone consumes an average of 10 batteries per person per year, totaling about 30000 tons. A large number of discarded used batteries cause serious damage to the soil environment. The German environmental department is not sure whether the new regulations can put an end to the phenomenon of littering waste batteries, because before that, waste recycling stations and manufacturers generally only recycle batteries containing cadmium and mercury toxic chemicals, while 90% of ordinary zinc-carbon batteries and aluminum-magnesium batteries are landfilled or incinerated as domestic waste.

According to statistics from the German Ministry of Environment, only 1/3 of toxic nickel-cadmium batteries are recycled in Germany every year, while 2/3 of the batteries are treated as domestic waste, with about 8 tons of mercury, 400 tons of nickel and 400 tons of cadmium flowing into the environment every year. Generally speaking, it is difficult for ordinary consumers to distinguish toxic or non-toxic batteries in their lives and dispose of them. Therefore, the new regulations require shops and waste recycling stations to take responsibility. A new idea of the Ministry of the Environment is to implement a deposit system for toxic nickel-cadmium batteries and mercury-containing batteries, that is, consumers buy a deposit of 15 marks per battery. When consumers exchange old batteries, the deposit can be automatically deducted from the price.

A "wet treatment" device is being built in the suburb of Magdeburg, where all kinds of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid except lead-acid batteries, and then various metals are extracted from the solution with the help of ionic resins. The raw materials obtained in this way are purer than the heat treatment method, so the price is higher in the market, and 95% of the various substances contained in the batteries can be extracted. Wet processing can eliminate the sorting process (because sorting is manual operation, which will increase the cost). The annual processing capacity of this device in Magdeburg can reach 7500 tons. Although its cost is slightly higher than that of landfill method, precious raw materials will not be discarded and will not pollute the environment.

The vacuum heat treatment method developed by Alt Company in Germany is cheaper, but it first needs to sort out nickel-cadmium batteries from waste batteries. The waste batteries are heated in a vacuum, and mercury evaporates rapidly, so that they can be recovered. Then the remaining raw materials are ground, metal iron is extracted with magnets, and nickel and manganese are extracted from the remaining powder. The cost of processing a ton of waste batteries is less than 1500 marks.

Switzerland:

There are two factories that specialize in processing and using old batteries. The method adopted by Bartlek Company is to grind the old batteries and then send them to the furnace for heating. At this time, the volatilized mercury can be extracted. At higher temperatures, zinc also evaporates. It is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are fused to become the ferromanganese alloy required for steelmaking. The factory can process 2000 tons of waste batteries a year and obtain 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from batteries and sells metal mixtures such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap.

However, the heat treatment method is more expensive, and Switzerland also requires a small amount of waste battery processing fees to each battery buyer.

United States:

The country with the most detailed legislation on the environmental management of waste batteries has not only established a perfect waste battery recycling system, but also established a number of waste battery treatment plants. At the same time, it has unremittingly carried out publicity and education to the public, so that the public can consciously support and cooperate with the recycling of waste batteries.

The recycling of used batteries is the first step of recycling, and reprocessing is the key to recycling. At present, the used batteries that have been recycled are still lying in the warehouse and homeless.

The technology of dealing with used batteries is not a problem. Developed countries already have ready-made technology, which can be used. It is understood that a "wet treatment" device is being built in the suburbs of Magdeburg, Germany. Here, except for lead storage batteries, all kinds of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then various metal materials are extracted from the solution with the help of ionic resin. The raw materials obtained in this way are purer than the heat treatment method, so the price is higher in the market, and 95% of the various substances contained in the battery can be extracted. Wet processing can eliminate the sorting process (because sorting is manual operation, which will increase the cost). The annual processing capacity of this device in Magdeburg can reach 7500 tons. Although its cost is slightly higher than that of landfill method, precious raw materials will not be discarded and will not pollute the environment. The annual processing capacity of this device can reach 7500 tons.

The vacuum heat treatment method developed by Alt Company in Germany is cheaper, but it first needs to sort out nickel-cadmium batteries from waste batteries. The waste batteries are heated in a vacuum, and mercury evaporates rapidly, so that they can be recovered. Then the remaining raw materials are ground, metal iron is extracted with magnets, and nickel and manganese are extracted from the remaining powder. The cost of processing a ton of waste batteries is less than 1500 marks.

Switzerland:

There are two factories that specialize in processing and using old batteries. The method adopted by Bartlek Company is to grind the old batteries and then send them to the furnace for heating. At this time, the volatilized mercury can be extracted. At higher temperatures, zinc also evaporates. It is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are fused to become the ferromanganese alloy required for steelmaking. The factory can process 2000 tons of waste batteries a year and obtain 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from batteries and sells metal mixtures such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap. However, the heat treatment method is more expensive, and Switzerland also requires a small amount of waste battery processing fees to each battery buyer.

As far as we know, some domestic scientific research units and enterprises have also developed relevant technologies. Hebei Donghua Xinxin Waste Battery Regeneration Plant, which adopts the waste battery treatment technology of Beijing University of Science and Technology, is under construction. The Beijing Municipal Development Planning Commission has also approved the use of European technology and equipment to establish a waste dry battery treatment plant. Xinxiang Battery Factory in Henan Province has already designed a complete set of technology and production equipment for recycling waste batteries. After two years of tackling key problems, Anshan City, Liaoning Province has successfully trial-produced a waste battery recycling resource regeneration and harmless treatment process, which has been demonstrated by relevant experts and relevant departments.

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